资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
错过语言关键期 英语就学不好了?****** 羊城晚报记者 何宁 在孩子的学前教育阶段,很多家长最关心的是孩子的英语启蒙。不少家长为了抓住孩子的语言敏感期,从刚出生不久就给孩子听英语磨耳朵;孩子稍大一点,就报各种英语早教班、启蒙班等。但是不少小学生家长发现,学前的英语学习似乎是徒劳的,孩子以前会的单词和句子,到了小学全忘光了。对于明年9月入读一年级的准小学生来说,英语学科该如何做好衔接呢? 英语学习要循序渐进打牢基础 “孩子语言的学习确实有‘关键期’或‘窗口期’,但这个时间跨度很长,是3—9岁,幼儿英语启蒙可以抓,但家长们不要过度焦虑,如果没有掌握正确的启蒙方法,很有可能孩子到了中高年级阶段会对英语产生厌倦心理。”广东实验中学省实荔湾学校第一小学部校长易敏多年来的英语教学经验发现,兴趣是最好的老师,在培养孩子英语学习的过程中,家长要去功利主义,要保持定力、坚持长期主义。 易敏说:“从幼儿园就开始学英语的孩子其实承受了很大的压力,这些压力往往来自于家长过高的期望。我们都知道,一般英语的课外班,特别是有外教的课外班价格都不菲,很多重视孩子英语的家庭从孩子很小的时候就开始在英语启蒙上花费颇多,但是英语的学习很重要的一点是循序渐进,打牢基础,如果只是囫囵吞枣式学习,对单词的掌握不牢靠,一旦到了小学中高年级词汇量增大时,学业压力增大,有些孩子会失去对英语学习的自信、动力与兴趣。” 一年级开始学英语不会晚 谢女士的女儿现在广州一所名校读初二,英语成绩在年级一直名列前茅,在小学之前没有系统地学过英语。谢女士认为,女儿刚上小学时,英语确实在班里是落后的,很多同学因为幼儿园学过英语,有的还在双语幼儿园就读,口语和听力都遥遥领先。谢女士说:“现在回想起来,我觉得当时自己做得最正确的事情就是摆正心态,我们那个年代初中才开始学英语,但一样有很多出类拔萃的,语言学习关键看时间的付出,女儿从一年级开始学,一点都不晚。” 谢女士从培养女儿的学习习惯入手,每天督促女儿认真完成老师布置的作业。谢女士说:“小学一二年级的英语作业其实不多,也很简单,但是我要求女儿一定要把基础打扎实,课本上的对话不但要读出来,还要默写出来,而且保证每个单词都不能写错。女儿很听话,课本被她背得滚瓜烂熟,每次考试英语都能拿满分,这不仅让她养成了细心的习惯,还极大地激发了她学习英语的兴趣。到了小学高年级,她可以自主阅读简单的英语原版故事书,学习的兴趣更加浓厚。” 温馨提醒: 亲子关系、阅读兴趣比掌握单词数量重要得多 “从小学习外语,对幼儿来说更多的意义是在于学习能力的提升,而非语言能力的优势培养。在没有语境(沟通、交流的语言环境)的情况下,过早、过度、不得法地让孩子进行英语学习,反而会浪费有限的时间,甚至扼杀兴趣。”资深英语教育专家、广东金融学院国际教育学院雅思学科带头人何凌提醒家长,幼儿英语启蒙可以抓,但不要过度焦虑,3—9岁都是孩子语言学习的敏感期,小学一年级开始学习完全来得及。 何凌建议家长,为了激发孩子英语学习的兴趣,不妨利用精选过的原汁原味的英语儿歌和童谣进行针对性的语音启蒙,让孩子从小接受语音信号,培养英语的韵律感。 自身英语基础比较好的家长不妨陪着孩子进行英语绘本亲子共读,“如果家长自身英语发音比较标准,可以带着孩子一起读;发音不是太标准的话,可以借助音频。亲子共读既建立了良好的亲子关系,又培养了孩子阅读的兴趣,它比孩子掌握多少个单词远远重要得多。” (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |